Review and analytical paper on the state and prospects of subnational governance in Afghanistan, commissioned by the German Federal Foreign Office. Tasks included a structured document review, expert interviews with key informants (including list of KIIs), a stakeholder dialogue event in Kabul (September 2015, with confirmed participant list), preliminary paper, and a final analytical paper. An associated road map on governance for Afghanistan was produced alongside research notes on urbanisation and governance. Results: Subnational governance review paper; stakeholder dialogue report (Kabul, September 2015); road map governance for Afghanistan; analytical input to the German Embassy's Afghanistan policy portfolio.